13th Documentary Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 292 Downloads: 41 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Sociology Essay Type Review Level High school Topics: African American Essay Movie Essay Did you like this example? Every person that has watched this film could confirm that the director Ava DuVernay conducts a concrete research into the American system and comes up with shocking statistics The director relies on a number of liberals and conservatives whom she interviews in an attempt to dig in about the African-American society has been affected by the prison complex in the country. The film kicks off with s shocking statistics that one out of four Black men is likely to go to prison in his lifetime. Notably, each of the interviewees is located in a location resembling an industrial setting and one that matches the themes of prison as a factory f free labor where the people of color act as slaves.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "13th Documentary Analysis" essay for you Create order The film is quick to highlight the integration between Blacks being imprisoned and the economy of the nation. Notably, although the convicted parties are questionable, most of them are imprisoned unlawfully which can be related to the increased need for labor. In the film, a number of sensitive events could be noted. The director is noted to present Reagans War on Drugs, Bill Clintons Three Strikes among others as the turning points for the continued cash-for-prisoners structure that s resulted into the generation of millions of bails and incarceration firms. These events have and are continued to evolve into the modern prison system. Since the 1940s, the curve of African-American prisoners has been rising steadily but steeply. The numbers which started rising during the Civil Rights Movements have continued to increase until the modern day. It is of paramount importance to note that the high prisoners numbers have translated into decimation of the Black families. The high number of protest for rights, the harder it is becoming to break the system.

Fascism And Nazism Developed Out Of General Crisis Of The...

Fascism and Nazism developed out of general crisis of the European political system which related to the rise of the mass participation of the state from the late 19th century to the end of World War 1. The mass participation was the result of things including, the availability of women voters and unpredicted expansion of the number of voters, a development of mass communication with a high mass of mobilization and modernization originally asserted by socialist parties, poorly organized middle-class and political party structures. Fascism was motivated by deep resting fears of social and political revolutions of the ruling elites and large parts of the middle and lower-middle classes. Nazism had the theory of racism and of the perfect Aryan chosen people using propaganda and philosophy to boost them into power . Fascist and Nazi movements appeared throughout Europe during the period between World Wars I and II, but only in Germany and Italy did they come to power and develop into reg imes. There are certain similarities between the Russian Bolshevism and German National Socialism. In 1919 liberalism and liberal democracy, focused on individual rights which offered a stable response to the new social and economic upheaval brought on by World War 1. Political life had been radicalized during the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. The Fascist-Nazi political revolutions stemmed from anxieties about the desegregations of social order. Thus, they both shared many of the sameShow MoreRelatedFascism in the Twentieth Century2348 Words   |  10 PagesFascism in the Twentieth Century; Hitler and Nazism ‘Fascism’ is one of the most controversial political terms in modern history. The lack of a universally accepted definition for the term has meant that it can and has been applied to a wide variety of political contexts. Fascism developed from the destruction caused by the First World War. Its origins can be traced, however, to the intellectual revolt against liberalism in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. While there was a revolutionaryRead MoreThe War Of The World War I1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthe raise of inter-state systems, to preserve peace amongst potentially antagonistic states; Unfortunately, what statesmen had not imagined was that the world had to witness to the slaughter of the First World War to achieve such dream. However, precisely because of the the devastation and chaos caused by the war, the establishment of a general association of states was crucial, and needed to be constructed as quickly as possible. 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It flourished between 1919 and 1945 in several countries, mainly Germany, Spain, Italy, and Japan. Fascism is a form of totalitarian dictatorship that had ideals such as extreme nationalism, economic self sufficiency and military strength. The dictators abolishedRead MorePresidential Greatness-Fdr4850 Words   |  20 PagesPresidential Greatness: An Analysis of FDR’s Presidency Presidential greatness has many aspects, but it primarily means demonstrating effective, inspiring, visionary, and transformational leadership in times of great challenge and crisis. There have been many effective presidents, but there have only been a few great presidents because simply being effective and successful does not make one a great president. The distinction between presidential effectiveness and presidential greatness isRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesinstance, could not have happened in England. And, as western peoples go, the English are very highly differentiated. There is a sort of back-handed admission of this in the dislike which nearly all foreigners feel for our national way of life. Few Europeans can endure living in England, and even Americans often feel more at home in Europe. When you come back to England from any foreign country, you have immediately the sensation of breathing a different air. 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Forensic Entomology Calliphoridae or Blow Flies

Question: Discuss about theForensic Entomologyfor Calliphoridae or Blow Flies. Answer: Introduction It is believed that forensically significant Calliphoridae or blow flies are not active nocturnally and do not oviposit in the dark (Mohr, Tomberlin, 2014). However, Barnes, Grace, Bulling, (2015) demonstrated that blow flies lay eggs at night and also artificial lighting stimulates the daylight hours. The fly biologists illustrated that flies in the outdoor are not much active and do not lay eggs at night. Diurnal activity graph demonstrates low movement towards bait during early daylight, peak at afternoon and steep decline towards late afternoon. Whether or not the Calliphoridae flies nocturnally oviposit, is one of the major estimable factors of time since death that is used as entomological evidence. This write-up would strive to explore a debate on the ability of the blowflies to oviposit in the dark and at night and their nocturnal activity by considering recent journals that focus on the same. Based on Greenbergs experiment, who asserted that blow flies lay eggs at night, Singh and Bharti (2001) further carried out an experiment to support this hypothesis. They have used frozen mutton pieces as medium and checked for maggots during March and September, irrespective of the time of the days. It was shown that day time also attracted the blow flies in terms of oviposition. The researchers have carried out a 14night trial, where oviposition took place in five incidences and matched with the Greenbergs data. This indicates their willingness to through some light on the choice of oviposition medium by the Calliphoridae and further provided a scope to investigate association between chances of oviposition by the Calliphoridae and light intensity at night. On the other hand, Zurawski et al., (2009) investigated the nocturnal oviposition by the blow flies with regard to sunset and sunrise, evaluated abiotic variables that might affect the oviposition by the blow flies and conducted a series of laboratory experiments in order to test the activity of the blow flies under darkness. The researchers have placed pig carcasses in the field 2 hours after the sunset and observations were made hourly in the next morning. They have observed no oviposition at night. Even, while they have carried out a laboratory experiment in dark room by placing liver of the pig carcases on the ground or kept in hanging position no flies could fly. This study not only showed that the blow flies do not oviposit at night but also demonstrated that the possibility of nocturnal oviposition in dark and on pig carcasses is extremely low. Thus, this experiment supports the long standing notion that blow-flies are nocturnally inactive and do not oviposit in the dark. Howe ver, factor like pig carcasses raises a concern, if the flies actually do not lay eggs in the dark or do not oviposit on pig carcasses. Amendt, Zehner Reckel, (2008) carried out field experiments and indoor experiment to evaluate nocturnal egg laying behaviour of the Calliphoridae. For field experiment, two different types of attraction were used: fresh liver of the beef and dead hedgehogs, which were kept at different rural and urban location. For indoor experiment, liver was kept in plastic bags containing fly females. No oviposition was observed at night in the field, where the temperature was within 10-24c but nocturnal oviposition took place in darkness within plastic boxes, where temperature was set at 25c. It was concluded by the researchers that the blow flies are unlikely to oviposit under normal condition, but takes place at certain situation like uncertain increase of night temperature. Similarly, Wooldridge, Scrase, Wall, (2007) demonstrated that light intensity is an exogenous stimulus responsible for the nocturnal activities of the blow flies. Though liver odour increases the activity of the blow flies, it is not an active stimulus. So, it could be mentioned that blow fly activity can be directly modulated by the intensity of the light without any requirement for any volatile odour in order to start activation. Activity of the blow flies, irrespective of the absence or presence of liver bait also indicates that the variation in the activity level of the flies is not causally associated with how they respond to various odours. Zulaikha, Zuha, (2016) demonstrated Megaselia scalaris (fly) are active and can oviposit during night and day times. So, exposure to light did not affect the egg laying activities during nocturnal and diurnal periods. This indicates a need to consider nocturnal oviposition while flies are considered as reference for the estimation of PMI. Oviposition termination at night has forensic importance as it might alter the estimation of the PMI duration. Thus, if fly eggs are identified in a dead body during early morning or night, one could reach to a conclusion on when the death has been occurred (earlier or previous day). Different insect species could fly in low light intensity or at night. The selected topic aims to evaluate whether blow flies are able to be active at night and lay eggs in dark. The above discussion pinpoints that various theories are present that support and oppose the long standing belief that the blow-flies are not nocturnally active and do not lay eggs in the dark. Various factors (intensity of light, temperature, position of the bait, odour and so on) are responsible for stimulating the nocturnal activity and oviposition, but there was no literature available that focus precisely on all the responsible factors, which actually creates a gap. Age of the fly larvae is used to evaluate the minimum PMI in forensic entomology. So, the understanding of the factors, which probably delay the time between oviposition and death are of utmost importance. One of such factors in this context is the effects of darkness period. Majority of the blow flies are through to be diurnal and comparati vely inactive during the night. So, baits that are kept at night would not attract blow flies till the morning. Nevertheless, various informal observations have suggested that nocturnal oviposition could take place in certain species of blow flies, Calliphora vicina is a prominent example in this context. References Amendt, J., Zehner, R., Reckel, F. (2008). The nocturnal oviposition behaviour of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Central Europe and its forensic implications.Forensic Science International,175(1), 61-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.05.010 Barnes, K. M., Grace, K. A., Bulling, M. T. (2015). Nocturnal oviposition behavior of forensically important diptera in Central England.Journal of forensic sciences,60(6), 1601-1604. Greenberg, B. (1990). Nocturnal Oviposition Behavior of Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae).Journal Of Medical Entomology,27(5), 807-810. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/27.5.807 Mohr, R. M., Tomberlin, J. K. (2014). Environmental factors affecting early carcass attendance by four species of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Texas.Journal of medical entomology,51(3), 702-708. Singh, Bharti, M. (2016). further observations on the nocturnal oviposition behaviour of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae ).Forensic Science International,120(2001), 124-126. Wooldridge, J., Scrase, L., Wall, R. (2007). Flight activity of the blowflies, Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata, in the dark.Forensic Science International,172(2-3), 94-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.12.011 Zulaikha, A. S., Zuha, R. M. (2016). Nocturnal oviposition of the forensic scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew)(Diptera: Phoridae), indoors.Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. Zurawski, K. N., Benbow, M. E., Miller, J. R., Merritt, R. W. (2009). Examination of nocturnal blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) oviposition on pig carcasses in mid-Michigan.Journal of medical entomology,46(3), 671-679.

Human Resource Advantage Essay Sample free essay sample

The major challenges of profitableness and increased competition have made theHRM map more of import to concern success than of all time before. Discuss. React your happening with illustrations. Introduction Human resource direction is more of import in a altering environment than earlier. There are some challenges and alterations. which have great impacts on organizationsrespective to human resource ( HR ) map behaviours. These impacts know asglobalization. increasing customer’s outlooks. crystalline market. and humanresource direction ( HRM ) provides possibilities to do organisations more healthyand competitory. Where the house may concentrate on cost for employee compensation and makeconclusions on portion services or outsourcings. We can state that. the map of HR units offers and increases some potency of organisations construction and some of human capital. globalisations. increasing informationtechnology. enhanced client outlooks and the transparence of planetary market s thatknow as a chief displacement in a underdeveloped universe. Content To be more profitableness in the disputing economic system with a big rivals. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Advantage Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page TIMATCHSDN BHD have globalize their concern where they explain that â€Å"Globalization is theterms used to depict the increased gait of economic and cultural interconnection between different states. † TIMATCH SDN BHD had increasing the competition depends on the developments of consumer outlooks. Consumers await more public presentation and their demands are more hard to manage. Furthermore. consumer has moreaccess to information and is more informed than of all time before. The consequence of this changingknowledge is the clients expectancy has become stronger than of all time before. where themarket participants increased the competition because better merchandise and services for more favourable conditions are offered. They know that HR can act upon customers’satisfaction and the public presentation of the company. where the HR activities as wage. communicating. guaranting just work conditions and others related activities. thoseactivities have impact on the work behaviour of an employee. and the employee conditionswill influence the production and service procedure. A chief ground of new crystalline market is the information engineering. Computer andmainly the cyberspace are the fastest turning engineerings in he present and one advantagethrough the cyberspace for client is that they can compare assorted characteristic of producteasier and faster. In a transparent market consumers know that they can normally receivelower cost and higher quality goods and services. TIMATCH SDN BHD knows that to be more profitableness. they cut down costs and increase potencies to be profitable and to be in a fast altering market construction. The functionsof HRM may lend to a ‘healthy’ company development and one constituent to be profitable is to analyse cost construction and their cost drivers. HRM cost have to bemeasured. for case about 70 per cent of companies’ disbursals can be spent onemployment issues. Where the cost for enlistings. initiation. preparation. compensationand benefits should be evaluated and compared to options like shared services andoutsourcing schemes. If cost is excessively high. a house has to believe about outsourcing the human resource map. In that instance shared service theoretical accounts help to minimise cost by cutting thecosts for agency adjustments in the organisations. By utilizing the HRM map in staffing country. the issues of workers selection andcontinuous accomplishment development. work design. equipment care. processimprovement. quality control and procedure reconfiguration are built-in to thecompetitiveness of the H2O and steel industry. Increasing globalisation of this matureindustry will rise competition between parts and states for new. essentiallymini-mill. installings and occupations. If high-paying occupations in steel are to be retained. and new occupations created. endeavors will necessitate a work force that is flexible and more competitory interms of quality and measure. The integrating of HR issues into concern programs has non been widespread and the sharingof information with workers is a comparatively recent phenomenon in the steel industry in anumber of states. Similarly. the incidence of audience and cooperation ontechnical alteration has been deficient in the eyes of some trade brotherhoods. In countrieswhere the brotherhoods have been strong and where the HR map has had small strategicimportance in decision-making it has proved hard all of a sudden to present radicalworkplace alteration without workers being highly doubting of â€Å"managementgimmicks† . It is non until direction demonstrates a echt desire to affect workersand brotherhoods in decision-making that advancement has been smoother and quicker. particularlywhen coupled with workers’ enthusiasm for new work patterns that promised potentialfor greater liberty and calling promotion. But the unions’ response to work reorganisation was frequently slow. at least ab initio.

Smoking and adolescents Essays

Smoking and adolescents Essays Smoking and adolescents Essay Smoking and adolescents Essay Caffeine is one of the most consumed drinks in the World, and the crystalline substance was first separated in the early part of the 19th century (ARF, 2007).   Caffeine by itself appears white in color and tastes bitter.   It is derived from the Arabic word Arabic work ‘qahweh’ or from the Turkish word ‘kahveh’.   During the medieval period, coffee spread from the Northern African Region (where it was grown) to Europe through Arabia and Turkey.   It became a well-known drink in Europe, early during the 17th and 18th century (ARF, 2007).   It was grown in several portions of the World such as the Caribbean and Indonesia during the 18th century, for consumption in the West (ARF, 2007).   Caffeine was isolated in tea leaves, coffee seeds and cocoa seeds.   The amount of caffeine contained in coffee seeds is more than that contained in tea leaves.Tea leaves contain about 3.5 % of caffeine (ARF, 2007).   For that reason, a cup of tea will contain less amount of caffeine compared to that of a glass of coffee.   In the US, about 66 % of the caffeine users consume coffee, whereas 16 % consume it from tea and/or sodas (ARF, 2007).   Students frequently consume sodas, drinking chocolate, medications and special of the coffee beverage.   About 80 to 98 % of all the people in the US consume coffee.   About one-third o the population consumes more than 200 mg of caffeine every day (which is slightly more than 2 cups of coffee) (Engebretsen, 2001).   Most of users of coffee consume it for its mild stimulating effect, without developing any problem.However, some individuals develop a maladaptive or abnormal pattern of use resulting in several problems such as abuse, tolerance, withdrawal, addiction and toxicity (Moore, 2004).   Caffeine abuse can begin in adolescents, teenagers, early adulthood and middle-aged groups.   The incidence is increasing in school and college students these days (Moore, 2004).   Studies have demonstrated that girls more often than boys abuse caffeine (in the form of chocolates and alcohol) (Greenberg, 1999).   A survey conducted amongst college students demonstrated that about 17 % of the students consumed about 5 to 10 glasses of bevarges containing caffeine on a daily basis (Grafton, 1991).Many students are utilizing caffeine as a mood-altering drug to stay awake during nights for studying or to remain attentive during class hours.   Many students may like the slightly bitter taste of caffeine or the instant boost of energy provided by the drink.   In the world, caffeine is the most widely utilized mood-elevating drug.   More than 80 % of the adult population in the world utilize caffeine as a beverage in coffee, soda, tea or drinking chocolate (Gates, 2000).   On an average, an adult consumes about 280 milligrams of coffee a day, from about 2 to 3 cups of coffee (Gates, 2000).   Usually a small amount of caffeine may be beneficial to health producing a positive effect on the body.   The amount of caffeine present in a glass of coffee varies from the manner in which it is prepared, the amount of milk present, size of the glass and the strength of the coffee.   It may vary from about 65 mg to about 110 mg of caffeine per glass (ARF, 2007).   A glass of tea contains about 10 mg to about 90 mg of caffeine (on an average about 30 mg).   A glass of hot drinking chocolate contains about 4 mg of caffeine and a bar of chocolate contains about 5 to 60 mg of caffeine (average about 50 mg of caffeine) (ARF, 2007).Caffeine is also present in prescription and non-prescription medications, in doses between 30 to 200 mg, for treating various problems such as colds, migraine, headache, excessive drowsiness, inattentiveness, etc (ARF, 2007).   It can also be utilized to treat withdrawal symptoms developing from caffeine abuse, and for improving the analgesic properties of other drugs.   The drug is frequently util ized in newborn babies who suffer from a condition in which their breathing gets depressed.   This is because caffeine is known to stimulate breathing.   Some of the potential uses of caffeine (for which further studies need to be conducted) include treating dermal fungal infection, improving sperm mobility, in chemotherapy and in ECT.Caffeine when consumed reaches the tissues almost immediately (within 5 to 10 minutes).   These levels may be maintained in the body for about 30 minutes.   The drug gets broken down into smaller substances within about 4 hours (ARF, 2007).   The enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2 produced by the liver helps to metabolize the drug (Moore, 2004).   Individuals suffering from liver and kidney diseases, pregnant women, small babies, etc, take longer time to break down the drug.   On the other hand, individuals consuming nicotine are able to break down the drug at a much faster rate, and hence require greater amounts of the drug.   The drug usually does not accumulate in the body, and is significantly broken down into smaller substances and emitted in the urine.   A smaller quantity of the drug may be emitted in the urine unchanged (about 3 %) (ARF, 2007).The drug produces its effect almost immediately after consumption (Short-Term Effects).   The individual may have to consume about 75 to 150 mg to produce the physiological effects of the drug.   Some of the physiological effects of the drug include an increase in the metabolism rate of the body, faster breathing rates, increase in the urine output (as caffeine is a diuretic), rise in the serum fatty acid levels, rise in the blood pressure, an increase in the gastric acid production by the stomach, etc (ARF, 2007).   The drug also has an effect on the mental status of the individual such as increasing the activity of the brain and the nerves, delaying the development of tiredness, improving various mental functions such as attention levels, concentration levels, memo ry, perception, etc.   Fine movements are also improved when about 75 to 150 mg of caffeine is consumed (ARF, 2007).   The drugs also delays sleep and lower the intensity or depth of sleep.   An individual, who consumes caffeine before going to bed, is at a greater chance of being woken or moving during sleep.   The quality of sleep experienced by caffeine abusers is also less.   Fewer studies are so far conducted to determine the effects of caffeine on dreaming (ARF, 2007).In higher doses, the drug can act negatively leading to anxiety, jitteriness, agitation, confusion, a rise in the heart beats, abdominal pain, agitation, nausea, vomiting, headache and nervousness (Gates, 2000).   The effects are especially profound in those individuals who less frequently use caffeine.   In very high-doses, the drug may almost be fatal, causing a diabetes-like condition in which the sugar levels rise in the blood and the urine has a sick-sweetish smell of acetone (ARF, 2007).   T he fatalities may begin when about 5000 mg of the drug (about 35 to 40 cups of coffee) are consumed during a very short period of time (ARF, 2007).   However, the drug when administered intravenously (in doses of about 3200mg) may cause fatalities (ARF, 2007).   Fatalities may also occur from severe seizures and disastrous effects on the nervous system (such as intra-cerebral hemorrhages, etc) and the heart (such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis, etc) (Engebretsen, 2001).Certain signs, known as ‘Withdrawal Symptoms’ are experienced when the drug is no longer consumed or is suddenly stopped (usually develops within 12 to 24 hours once the drug has been stopped) (Moore, 2004)..   Students usually begin to feel anxious, panic and sleepless when they do not get their daily dose of coffee (Gates, 2000).   Some of the other effect that may be experienced when the student suddenly stops consuming of caffeine includes a depressed mood, poor concentration ab ility, reduction of other cognitive functions, headache etc.   These symptoms may gradually reduce within a couple of days to about a week (Moore, 2004).   If an individual consumes about 100 mg of caffeine a day, a sudden stoppage of the drug would bring about headache and tiredness.   Many people continue to use caffeine in spite of problems experienced when the drug is stopped, considering that it would be easier to give up caffeine compared to other drugs such as alcohol and nicotine.   However, research has demonstrated that stopping caffeine could be much difficult at it seems.   Further research is required to demonstrate the difficulties that could develop when caffeine abuse should be stopped.   Earlier, when not much was known about nicotine abuse, it was publicly felt that nicotine consumption was not much of a problem, and the drug could be easily stopped without much problem.   However, studies have demonstrated that nicotine consumption is one of the most severe forms of drug abuse can could even lead to life-threatening problem (Gates, 2000).Tolerance on the other hand, is the ability to gradually withstand higher amounts of the dug without producing the physiological effects in the body, once the drug is repeatedly utilized over a period of time (Gates, 2000).   The level of tolerance that develops in students is very difficult to study as almost everyone uses caffeine on a day to day basis, to different levels.   The effects of caffeine may be tolerated as the drug is consumed regularly.   As the individual consumes caffeine for longer periods, he/she may require more and more quantities of the drug to produce similar effects (ARF, 2007).Addiction is a serious condition in which the individual resists higher amounts of the drug and develops withdrawal symptoms once the drug is stopped.   Addiction can lead to several problems at functioning at home, school, workplace or in social settings (Gates, 2000).Studies conducted d emonstrated that like other stimulants, caffeine can also bring about Dependence (both physiologically and psychologically).   When the drug is consumed in doses of 350 mg and above, physical dependence on the drug can develop.   Once, the drug is stopped, immediately withdrawal symptoms can develop (ARF, 2007).   This is frequently characterised by severe headache that reduces once the drug us consumed.   The individual also begins to feel irritable, anxious and tired.   However, the dependence brought about by caffeine is much weaker in intensity and is less injurious to health compared to other forms of substance abuse.   Studies conducted demonstrate that coffee may bring about a lot of problems with the functioning of the heart, nervous system and the stomach (Gates, 2000).Individuals consuming caffeine over long periods of time also develop Toxicity.   This usually develops if the daily consumption of coffee exceeds 7 to 9 glasses of coffee a day (or about 650 mg of caffeine).   Some of the symptoms of long-term toxicity include sleeplessness, apprehension, anxiety, nausea, palpitations, vomiting, irritability, depression, distress, mood disorders, rise in the blood pressure, gastric ulcers, irregular heartbeats, tremors, rise in the heartbeats, rise in the cholesterol levels in the blood, etc.   These symptoms usually reduce gradually within 6 to 8 hours (Moore, 2004).   The effect of caffeine toxicity on the body cells to produce cancer and heart disease is rather unknown.   Caffeine to some extent may bring about changes to the cells and the tissues and may also provoke certain known carcinogens to bring about cancer (ARF, 2007).   Several studies conducted in animals have demonstrated that caffeine may actually have properties that retard cancer.   Diethylstilbestrol contains amounts of caffeine and is frequently given to women in order to prevent breast cancer from occurring (ARF, 2007).Animal studies have demonstrated that caffeine use has can cause a series of reproductive problems including infertility, reduced birth weight, congenital anomalies, etc.   The exact effect of the drug in human beings is not known and should be researched further.   In the US, pregnant women are advised to limit consumption of coffee during their pregnancy in order to reduce the ill-effects on the developing unborn baby (ARF, 2007).Caffeine abuse is seen more frequently, as people do not consider it problematic or causing life-threatening conditions.   College students depend frequently on caffeine or it products to stay awake during the nighttimes before examinations or in the classroom.   Although, in low doses caffeine does not cause any serious problems to the body, when consumed in high doses, caffeine behaves like nicotine, having injurious effects on the body (Gates, 2000).Caffeine is known to elevate the heart rate above that of normal.   When an individual is using caffeine, he may find it difficult to suddenly stop the drug.   However, it may be easier than nicotine to stop the drug over a period of time.   As such, it is easier to cut down on caffeine consumption gradually, than over nicotine consumption (Gates, 2000).Some students begin to consume coffee almost for the same reason for which they consume alcohol and cigarettes (that is in a social gathering with other students) (Gates, 2000).   Others may consume caffeine in order to reduce the effects of alcohol or to sober up.   However, it should be noted that caffeine does not reduce the effects of alcohol or any other drug (McGee, 2005).Some students drink coffee to relax, express energy and develop peace of mind.   They tend to utilize the drug in spite of these problems and may have tried to stop consuming the drug but have failed in their efforts (Gates, 2000).   Students should give up caffeine abuse as it consumption (like nicotine abuse) could be injurious to health.   Studies have demonstrated that c affeine abuse usually does not develop due to any serious problems in life.   Just workplace tensions or academic difficulties at the university can promote caffeine misuse (Gates, 2000).Students affected with caffeine abuse should be educated and motivated by the college teachers about the ill-effects of the drug and the problems it could cause.   Greater awareness is required as students may not know of the potential complications that the drug could bring about.   Awareness programs and sessions meant for developing attitudes towards drug use should also include caffeine abuse.   Counselors should be arranged in the schools and universities to help students get out of their problems with caffeine abuse.   If a student feels that certain amount of coffee is required (as it would be harmless and in fact beneficial to the body), a coffee consumption record (in the form of a diary) should be maintained, to ensure that the amount consumed is within limits (Moore, 2004).    The best way to give up caffeine abuse is to gradually limit the consumption of the drug over a period of time.   The consumption of coffee in children and adolescents should be monitored closely.   It could have several ill-effects on the nutrition and development of the adolescent.   In no way caffeine drinks should be utilized to replace milk in the diet.   Caffeine can also act as an appetite suppressant and prevent the child from consuming food.   Some hyperactive children may also have more problems when given caffeine (McGhee, 2005).

Remote Access Attacks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Remote Access Attacks - Case Study Example The other assumption would be the network was setup by a rookie as the topology is poor and vulnerable to attacks. Finally the final assumption would be the management is not aware of the need of a secure network. The management needs to be informed and enlightened on information confidentiality, integrity and availability (Lammle, 2008). Firstly the network is vulnerable as the firewall doesn’t serve its purpose. Firewall is meant to barricade the traffic between a public and private network. In our case the public network is the internet and the private network is the Quick Finance Network. It uses access lists and other methods to ensure the security of the private network. From the diagram the firewalls should be deployed between the router and the internet, and the web server and the internet and between the internet and the VPN server. Access lists that are employed on the firewall are set of conditions kept by routers that determines allowed traffic to and from various services on the network. In the quick finance network access lists can be deployed in the network to control the movement of traffic between the different buildings and also in a building, in case of information applying to specific offices/departments. Access lists are helpful in exercising control over network traffic. Access lists offer network control. These lists enhance the flexibility to filter the packets that flow in or out router interfaces. The access lists help protect expanding network resources without impeding the flow of legitimate communication. They differentiate packet traffic into categories that permit or deny other features. Proxy is another security measure that can be deployed. Proxy restricts who accesses what and which sites to block. The layer design deployed also needs to be improved. The network needs to be created using the proposed three layer design. The proposed three layer design comprises of core layer- this is where the public and private networks meet through a firewall router/switch, distribution layer – this layer holds switches which lead to different buildings and offices and access layer – the layer where the user is connected to the network. Vulnerabilities on this network There lots of vulnerabilities on this network and lots of access points where intruders can gain entry of this network. For starters the firewall has been wrongly placed. The firewall should be put across the perimeter of the network in order to limit access to the network. From the topology the firewalls don’t serve their purpose as they have been put beside the servers. The firewall is used for basic packet filtering. The filtering decision is made separately for every packet, thus a packet that was allowed earlier won’t dictate the entry of a later packet. It’s based on source and destination IP address, protocol and source and destination port numbers. The network should use the proposed layer 3 network model. Where we have three layers: access layer, distribution layer and core layer. This will avoid a bad topology as the current one where all the machines are connected via an Ethernet cable. With a layer three topology it would implement use of switches and more routers to control movement of packets and enforce access control. It would also have all the servers well placed in order to ensure data security, availability, integrity and confidentiality

Journal Articles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal Articles - Research Paper Example Although there is not much difference between a manger and a leader most football managers assume the role of maximizing the output of the sports team by effectively organizing, staffing and directing. Moreover, this paper sought to distinguish characteristics that would lead to the appointment of an effective manager to help direct the future success of a sports team. Unfortunately the paper did not distinguish a simple clear cut manager characteristic and postulated that effective management varies across player characteristics and the organizational environment. The next section of the paper distinguished leadership qualities. Quite simply leadership was defined as the attempt to influence others through a variety of mechanisms. Unfortunately the relationship between manager and player is complex and depends largely on the organizational goals (Maintaining team status for example). Without getting into too much detail the paper outlined a great deal of early research pertaining to traits and skills of effective leadership but what proved to be very effective was a strong degree of consistency. Interactional approaches to leadership was covered in brief yet stressed the importance of differentiating between task-oriented football managers and relationship oriented football managers.